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1、英语学习:英语长句的翻译技巧最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!太平洋英语,免费体验全部外教一对一课程:英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列,平行。所以翻译长句,实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译 上。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;状语从句正确翻译英语句子是英语学习者必须解决的问题.对于一些结构复杂的难句,我们应当使用技巧使其简单化.一般来说,可以使用顺序法、逆序法、分句法和插入语灵活翻译法

2、.这些句子结构复杂,逻辑性强,翻译起来困难相当大。但是,无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构,它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系,再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中,我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异,不必拘泥于形式.请大家练习翻译下面句子!1.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because

3、 such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.2.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired

4、 characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldnt traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentallyfriendly fertilizers.3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and

5、nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early.4.Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific jo

6、b data.5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would pro

7、vide untold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventually prevent many diseases caused by faulty genes.7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government

8、can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying tha

9、t the agreements will be governed by “general principles of law recognized by civilized nations"a set of legal principles or rules shared by the worlds major legal systems.9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but the Internet is set to explode e

10、xponentially in the indefinite future, with there being literally millions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.10.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect&quo

11、t;, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.译文1.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙,当然不能被看做是一种探险行为,因为,这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地,以躲避气候的季节性变化。2.转基因食物的倡导者指出,用生物技术生产食物有

12、很多益处:它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度,并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。3.面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。4.在明确这些目标的基础上,将自己设想为面试你的人,在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案:公司数据信息,个人信息,有关某份工作的特定信息。5.但是,毫无疑问,正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加,使得简历更加重要。6.他们预计,对人体基因编码的全面认识将给人类带来无法言喻的利益

13、,例如,使人类能够诊断、治疗并最终预防基因缺陷造成的很多疾病。7.在美国和英国,ZZZZZ合同受普通合同法的约束,因此,ZZZZZ只能通过将自己的权力写进合同的方式,来保留单方面更改或终止合同的权力.8.为了使经济开发协议对投资者更具吸引力,有些发展中国家企图提高协议的安全性,规定这些协议受“文明国家公认的总法律原则”的约束,这些原则由世界几个主要法律体系所共有的一套原则和规范组成。9.而且,不仅从技术上无法审查因特网目前的内容,而且因特网的设立意味着信息内容在未来会以指数激增,每天改变或增加的网络信息内容简直将达几百万条。10.尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为,最高法院实际

14、上支持了被称为"双重效果"的医疗原则;这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为-一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的,如果行为的实施者想要的只是好的效果的话。 英语翻译技巧:经典长句翻译这些句子摘自大学英语课本,都是很好的写作操练材料,对考生的作文 词句规范化很有帮助。反复分析句子结构和词汇词语,然后通过汉译英的反复的回译操练,直至以后英语写作中想到相关汉语就能出现对应英语表达的程度。1 Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday, millions o

15、f people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你经常上网闲聊吗?每天有数百万人,尤其年轻人,在网上与网友或陌生人聊天。2 The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will defin

16、itely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征,也是先进的科技能力的标志,这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。3 We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher educ

17、ation because of insufficient educational facilities. 我们都知道,中国还是一个发展中的国家,其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。不少中国年青人由于教育设施的匮乏而得不到接受高等教育的机会。4 They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing cou

18、ld stand in their way. But Russias icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒(Napoleon and Hitler)来说吧,他们所想披靡,便以为自己战无不胜,不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。5 Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. Fr

19、om my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company. He told me that, from his own experience, those who can decide whether an appl

20、icant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道,好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时,求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为,事先做不做准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。我有一个朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职,年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说,那些对未来雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。6 I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make

21、 three relevant points. First, extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous store of excellent essay

22、s in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learnt into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。这里

23、,我想谈谈三个相关的问题。首先,大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点,因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入的。其次,尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章,我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候,就会觉得容易多了。最后,我们应把所学到的东西用到实践中去,这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说,我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。7 Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of socie

24、ty created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. 美国是否会如同历史上其他强国一样走向衰亡?作者持否定态度,认为美国创建的社会模式不同于任何已出现的社会模式。读一读他的观点,看看你是否同意。8 More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spr

25、ead of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time. 十几年前,手机只是少数人才能使用的奢侈品,但现在手机已很普遍。手机的快速普及也许是我们时代的伟大奇迹之一。9 Some people seem easy to understand:their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my

26、fellowmen. I dont know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me. 有些人似乎容易了解:他们的个性在初次交往时就

27、表露无遗。然而,外表可能具有欺骗性。三十年来,我一直在研究我的人类同胞,但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的首次印象向来不错的时候,我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知,就是自大。就我而言,我觉得,认识一个人的时间越长,就越觉得困惑。(be ignorant or self-righteous;self-centered; self-confident; self-discipline; self-educated; self-employed; self-esteem; selfish)10 As the pace of life in todays world grows ever fas

28、ter, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope? Dr. Smith sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer. 随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快,我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多,时间却那么少,我们该怎么办?史密斯博士着手解决这一问题,并提出了解决方法。11 In America many people have a romantic idea of life

29、 in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with

30、 running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life. 在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的想象,许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农。蜗胱趴客恋匚。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆多而第当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写到,自己并不后悔,对自己做出的改变生活方式的决定仍然热情不减。12 Professo

31、r Huntingtons paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural society we must stress/attach importance

32、to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas men

33、tioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Huntington教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为,在一个多元化(plural)社会里,不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见,使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。他还说,在一个多元化(plural)社会里,我们必须重视人际关系,强调合作,多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一筹,不尊重其他种族或宗教,那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。我相信,要是我们把上述想法付诸实践,那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。13 Making a liv

34、ing as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face. Bill Porter puts up with all this and much, much more. 干挨家挨户上门推销这一营生得脸皮厚,这是因为干这一行不仅要经受风吹日晒,还要承受一次又一次的闭门羹。比尔.波特忍受着这一切,以及别的种种折磨。14 When children take up wa

35、ys of making a living that differ greatly from their parents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is what Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitions from his father. Here he writes about how this affected thei

36、r relationship. 当子女的谋生方式与父母大相径庭时,很容易产生观念上的差异。这正是Alfred的发现。他在一个建筑工人的家庭里长大,他所受的教育使他产生了不同于父亲的兴趣和抱负。他在本文中叙述了这一差异如何影响着他们的父子关系。 翻译技巧:如何提高英语翻译技巧翻译是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的一种创造性的语言活动。翻译能力的提高是一个长期实践和不断积累的过程。从事英文护理文献翻译 的朋友,特别是初学者,要想提高自己的翻译能力,应该在以下几个方面多下功夫。1.加强自身基本素养所谓基本素养,是指翻译者必须具备的基本条件,亦即对翻译者的基本要求。除了应该具有

37、高尚的“译德译风”和严肃认真、一丝不苟的科学态度之外,译者必须具备三方面的素养,即一定的英语水平、较高的汉语修养和丰富的学科专业知识。量的翻译实践表明,这三方面的素养越高,越能顺利地完成翻译工作。关于英语水平,应注意打牢基。┐驶懔,广泛阅读,最好能听、说、读、写、译五方面训练同时并进,较之单攻翻译能更快提高英语水平。在汉语修养方面,应加强语法、逻辑、修辞等方面知识的研修,多阅读、多些写作、多练习修改文章。在学科专业知识方面,要努力精通本职业务,多了解相关专业知识;经常阅览国内、外护理专业期刊,掌握学科发展动态。2.在翻译实践中锤炼翻译是一项创造性的语言活动,具有很强的实践性。不通过量的实践

38、而要提高翻译能力,无异于想学游泳却又不下水一样。当然,实践也要讲究科学性。初学者若无行家里手的指点,最好是先找一些难度切合自己水平且有汉语译文的材料进行翻译练习。自己的译文写成后同人家的译文相对照。先看看自己在理解方面是否准确,其次看看自己的表达是否符合汉语的语言习惯,从中找到不足。随着水平的提高,可找些比较简单的本专业基础知识方面的文章进行翻译,以后逐步过渡到英文护理文献的翻译。坚持循序渐进多翻译多投稿,定会果实累累。在时间允许的情况下,最好能坚持每天都多少搞点翻译。随着时间的推移,一定会有长进。3.向他人学习并勇于创新初学翻译的同志一方面可多读些英汉对照类阅读材料或有汉语注释的英语读物;另

39、一方面还可根据译文类杂志上提供的某篇译文的原文出处去查找到相应的原文,继而进行对照阅读。通过对比分析,可以找出自己的差距,学习和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻译表达等方面的长处,促进翻译能力的提高。如果是自己选材进行翻译,当遇到问题难以解决时,要虚心向他人求教。另外经常阅读一些有关翻译技巧的书籍,也有助于翻译能力的提高。与此同时,还要有敢于创新的精神。在翻译过程中,既不能拘泥于别人提供的译文,也不能受囿于以往形成的条条框框。随着翻译能力的不断提高,可以根据翻译标准的要求去创造新的表现手法,进一步完善翻译工作。综上所述,有志于从事英文护理文献翻译的朋友,特别是初涉翻译领地的青年朋友,应不断加强自身素

40、质修养,只要勇于实践,在翻译的田园里辛勤耕耘,翻译能力就会不断提高,一定能结出丰硕之果。 英语翻译:怎样避免“中国味”的英语翻译怎样避免“中国味”的英语翻译我的一个朋友,将“我们经理点头表示同意”这句话翻译 为下面第一行。这样翻译,显然是受汉语的影响,汉语中有“点头”,英语中就有nod,汉语中有“表示”,英语中就有express,等等,汉语有什么,英语也有什么,一一对应,成双成对,这是最典型的一种“中国味”。其实nod既可以当作不及物动词,意思是“点头”,也可以当作及物动词,意思是“点头表示”,因此,没有“中国味”的英语译文应当是下面第二行。Our manager nodded to

41、 express his approval.Our manager nodded approval.我在初学英语时,也经常犯这样的错误,我的解决方法是:在翻译一个句子之后,把这个句子的主要动词找出来,如果是很常用、很熟悉的动词,比如come、go、have、take等,那就算了,如果是不常用、不熟悉的动词,比如nod,我就查一下英汉词典,看看nod在词典例句中的用法,与我自己的用法是否一致,如果一致,说明我的用法是正确的,如果不一致,我就仿照词典例句的用法,将我的句子改正过来。这种方法,虽然当时要花费一点时间,但对今后正确使用英语,是有很大帮助的。还有一个朋友,将“新郎新娘给他们的父母鞠躬”这

42、句话翻译为下面第一句。这句译文,如果不仔细琢磨,是看不出毛病的,它的毛病就是:在汉语中,我们习惯先说新郎,后说新娘,但在英语中,顺序正好相反,应当先说bride,后说bridegroom,因此第一句应当改写为第二句。按照汉语顺序排列英语单词,是另外一种常见的“中国味”,类似的情况还有很多,比如“东西、南北、老少、新旧”等,在英语中应当改成“西东、北南、少老、旧新”等。Bridegroom and bride bowed to their parents.Bride and bridegroom bowed to their parents.对于这种小毛。颐挥惺裁刺乇鸷玫慕饩龇椒,我看只有多

43、读书,特别是读一些介绍英语小常识、小典故的书,以增加自己对英语各方面知识的了解。 翻译:口译必备十个经典句型1. leave sb the choice of . or . 要么,要么 (选择类经典句)Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠,我们要么顽强抵抗,要么屈膝投降。 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining

44、a bachelor.年过三十,要么成婚,要么单身。2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 (使动类经典句)The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在关注我们,如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政,那将得到他们的祝:驮匏。

45、他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到 (回忆类经典句)Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and

46、 the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会,可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of "Zero Ground".追溯到1945年广岛和

47、长崎遭受原子弹攻击,从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。4. on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一个前提 (假设类经典句)中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时,是基于一个前提,即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国,台湾是中国的一部分。The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authori

48、ties maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。5. be bound to 必定;一定 (意愿类经典句)西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展,共同繁荣。The Great Western Devel

49、opment is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。6. a matter of sth/doing sth 与有关的情况或问题(描述类经典句)Considering the following state

50、ments, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills."请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底,贫穷与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里,还不如说是技艺不精。”Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experie

51、nce.处理这些问题全凭经验。7. This is the similar case with/when 这恰如;正如;也会 (比较类经典句)这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱,却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣,击节称赞。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.除此以

52、外,老百姓的服务性消费,如教育,信息,旅游等消费也会大量增长。Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling.8. be exemplified by 这一点也证明了;这点反映在以下事实: (举例类经典句)This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the

53、practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中丧生,人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们,这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限,这一愿望还反映在以下事实:如果父母在事故中丧生,人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly

54、explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校,这个事实多少说明了这一点。9. constitute (不用于进行式)是;认为 (判断类经典句)历史雄辩地说明,中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benef

55、it between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的决定不应视为先例。The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。10. witness. 见证 (发生类经典句)a time or event witnesses sth / sb in a partic

56、ular situation or doing a particular thing.经过二十多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基。缁岜3治榷,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China在下一轮的会谈中,我们将宣布中东地区永

57、久停火协议,对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.英语翻译技巧:如何让你的翻译更加简洁明了汉字语境下长大的人一般都很注意“偶语易安,奇字难适”的汉语音韵特点,对“互文见义”的表达,非但不觉累赘,反而乐此不疲。所以,诸如“无穷无尽”“冷若冰霜”“当事者迷,旁观者清”之类语义显然重复的说法,在汉语母语者眼中丝毫没有不妥。然而,讲求严谨,注重逻辑的英语则十分忌讳语义重复,英语中除了像sav

58、e and sound, bag and baggage等少数几个押头韵习语外,一般难以见到类似的无意义重复。请看下面例子: 1.道路崎岖不平。赘译:The road is rough and bumpy.2.祝你圆满成功!赘译:I wish you complete success!3.仓库全部塌下来。赘译:The warehouse completely collapsed.4.耳听为虚,眼见为实。赘译:Hearing is vague, seeing is believing.以上例句中的汉语原文十分自然,英语翻译则显累赘。以句1为例,“崎岖不平”乃汉语互文见义表达,同时也是出于协调平仄

59、效果的考虑,中国人觉得并无不妥。但在英语中,rough 与bumpy 却属于明显无意义重复,英美人并不认可。句2的情形也一样,success已经是指“圆满成功”,否则就不能说success。句3中的 collapse指的就是“全部塌下”,如果仅是部分塌下,则不宜使用collapse。至于例句4,“耳听为虚,眼见为实”也是属于互文见义的强调型修辞,译成英语只需取其一义即可。所以,上述例子的正确英译应该是:1.The road is rough.2.I wish you success!3.The warehouse collapsed.4.Seeing is believing.不妨再来看几个类

60、似句例:5.他仍然还是个单身汉。原译:He still remains a bachelor.改译:He remains a bachelor. 或者:He is still a bachelor.6.必须坚决禁止赌博。原译:Gambling must be firmly banned.改译:Gambling must be banned.7.他们向我挥手。原译:They waved their hands to me.改译:They waved to me.8.她是一位著名女企业家。原译:She is a famous female businesswoman.改译:She is a fam

61、ous businesswoman.当然,累赘型“中式英语”绝不仅限于以上类型,中国人的修辞风格、行文风格以及基于音义的对仗、排比等,也很容易导致累赘型英译。比如2006年“世界历史文化名城市长论坛南京宣言”中有这样一句话:9.我们承诺:追求天人和谐,人际和谐,身心和谐,追求人人相亲,人人平等,天下为公,努力实现我们城市的和谐统一。这里所说的“天人和谐”“人际和谐”“ 身心和谐”“人人相亲”“人人平等”“天下为公”,无疑都体现中华文化的内涵。但是,如果将它们原样照搬地直译成英文恐怕就难免出现冗长和累赘。以“身心和谐”和“天下为公”为例,它们的英译分别是harmony between body

62、and mind和the whole world as one community。可在“世界历史文化名城市长论坛”的宣言中郑重其事地提出要追求基于阴阳五行之上的 "harmony between body and mind" 是不是恰当呢?至于在列举了那么多的“和谐”追求,以及“人人相亲”“人人平等”的目标后,再另加一个汉字语境下声势夺人,英语语境下却平淡无奇的对“天下为公(the whole world as one community)”的追求,似乎也有点不伦不类。“南京宣言”的英语文本对这段话是这样翻译的:We are committed to achieving

63、harmony between man and nature, in people-to-people relationahips, and in the development of urban societies. We will work for fraternity, equality, and justice.原文中“身心和谐”、“人人相亲”、“ 人人平等”、“天下为公”的“四字格”表述在译文中统统被融进了整句话的意境和精神中,不另译出。而这样做的结果是译文反而愈显蕴义明晰、简洁得体。既传达出原文的本质含义,又避免了照搬汉语行文风格而导致的英文表述拖泥带水,值得我们借鉴。翻译:同声传

64、译的要求和技巧同声传译的才能不是一种可望而不可及的天赋才能。常言说得好,“工夫不负有心人”。只要我们细心钻研同传知识和技巧,积极参与同传强化训练,水到自然渠成。一、在同声传译活动中对译员的要求1、同声传译要求译员有良好的听觉解意能力。同声传译是一种即听即译的活动,听入与译出之间只保持几秒钟的时间距离,译员在口头传译几秒钟前听到的信息的同时,还必须耳听及解译新的信息。因此这种听觉解意能力非同一般意义的耳听会意能力,它指的是一种译员在有自我干扰的环境下及时听解信息的能力。 但是译员的听解并非完全是一种被动的行为,译中可以从大会的题、发言者的立场、发言论题或论点的背景知识等示意因素,使自己的听译建筑在“上下文”的基础上,进而变被动听译为主动听译。2、同声传译要求译员具备在听解的同时有迅速组织句子进行连贯流畅表达的能力。也许有人会认为,汉语是我们的母语,因此英译汉的困难在于能否及时听懂英语内容,不在于如何有汉语来组句和表达。这完全是对口译工作的一种误解。组句表达,无论是以外语还是以母语进行,都是一门学问,一种才能,尤其是在需要顾及听的内容的情况下。二、同声传译的一些基本方法和技巧1、意译同声传译即听即译的特点,迫使译员不得不“一心

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