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1、Attitudes and Job SatisfactionChapter THREEAttitudesAttitudesEvaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or eventsAffective ComponentThe emotional or feeling segment of an attitudeCognitive ComponentThe opinion or belief segment of an attitudeBehavioral ComponentAn intention to be

2、have in a certain way toward someone or somethingThe Theory of Cognitive DissonanceDesire to reduce dissonance depends on: Importance of elements creating dissonanceDegree of individual influence over elementsRewards involved in dissonanceCognitive DissonanceAny incompatibility between two or more a

3、ttitudes or between behavior and attitudes Individuals seek to reduce this gap, or “dissonance Measuring the A-B RelationshipRecent research indicates that attitudes (A) significantly predict behaviors (B) when moderating variables are taken into account.Moderating VariablesImportance of the attitud

4、eSpecificity of the attitudeAccessibility of the attitudeSocial pressures on the individualDirect experience with the attitudeABSelf-Perception TheoryAttitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred.BA !And, Types of AttitudesJob InvolvementIdentifying with

5、the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worthOrganizational CommitmentIdentifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization (Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment)Job SatisfactionA coll

6、ection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job Types of Attitudes, contd Employee Engagement An individuals involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the organization Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Degree to which employees feel the o

7、rganization cares about their well-being An Application: Attitude SurveysAttitude SurveysEliciting responses from employees through questionnaires about how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, and the organizationAttitudes and Workforce DiversityTraining activities that can reshape

8、 employee attitudes concerning diversity:Participating in diversity training that provides for self-evaluation and group discussionsVolunteer work in community and social serve centers with individuals of diverse backgroundsJob SatisfactionMeasuring Job SatisfactionSingle global ratingSummation scor

9、eHow Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs?In general, people are satisfied with their jobs. Depends on facets of satisfactiontend to be less satisfied with pay and promotion opportunities Causes of Job SatisfactionPay influences job satisfaction only to a point.After about $40,000 a year, there is no

10、relationship between amount of pay and job satisfaction. Personality can influence job satisfaction.Negative people are usually not satisfied with their jobs.How Employees Can Express DissatisfactionExitBehavior directed toward leaving the organizationVoiceActive and constructive attempts to improve

11、 conditionsNeglectAllowing conditions to worsenLoyaltyPassively waiting for conditions to improveThe Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee PerformanceSatisfaction and ProductivitySatisfied workers are more productive AND more productive workers are more satisfied! Worker productivity is higher in o

12、rganizations with more satisfied workers.Satisfaction and AbsenteeismSatisfied employees have fewer avoidable absences.Satisfaction and TurnoverSatisfied employees are less likely to quit.Organizations take actions to retain high performers and to weed out lower performers.Job Satisfaction and OCBSa

13、tisfaction and OCBsSatisfied employees who feel fairly treated by and are trusting of the organization are more willing to engage in behaviors that go beyond the normal expectations of their job.Job Satisfaction and Customer SatisfactionSatisfaction and Customer SatisfactionSatisfied workers provide

14、 better customer service.Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction because:They are more friendly, upbeat, and responsive.They are less likely to turnover, which helps build long-term customer relationships.They are experienced.Dissatisfied customers increase employee job dissatisfaction.In

15、 general, when we think of attitudes and organizations, we think of: 1. Job Satisfaction2. Happiness3. Job Involvement4. Mood at work5. Organizational Commitment6. 1 and 2 7. 1, 3, and 5 Chapter Check-up: AttitudesErnesto is the known as the Donut Hut Kingevery day he brings donuts and coffee to the

16、 office for everyone. He says it helps everyone think more clearly! Ernesto is demonstrating: Job satisfactionOrganizational citizenship behaviorProductivityJob involvementConscientiousnessChapter Check-up: AttitudesWrite down three things someone could do at work that would constitute an OCB. Compare your list with a neighbors.