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单元质量评估(一)

时间:100分钟分数:120分

第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)

第一节(共10小题,每小题2。5分,满分25分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出

最佳选项。

A

ScientistsattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoastudiedahugeareain

theeasternpartofthePacificOceanknownastheClarionoClipperton

Zone,orCCZtofindandstudynewseaspecieso

DivaAmon,aresearcherattheUniversitysaysusuallydeepsea

biologiststhinkthereisnotalotlivinginthedeepsea。

“Butwefoundthatactuallythereisquitealotlivingthere,andso

thatwasreallyexciting.。°“shesayso

ThegroupisstudyingtheareabecausetheCCZ,ahugeandflatarea

ofseabed,isknowntohavevaluableminerals0TheInternationalSeabed

Authority(ISA)isallowingthecompanyUKSeabedResourcesLtdto

exploretheareaonthePacificOceanfloorformining.However,theISA

saidthecompanymustfirstcompleteabiologicalstudyoftheareabefore

itcanbeginminingformetals.So,thecompanyemployedAmonandher

groupo

Amonsaysthatmorethanhalfoftheanimalstheycollectedwere

completelynewtoscience.Hergroupdiscoverednotonlynewspecies,

butnewgenera(动植物的属)ofanimals0

BiologicaloceanographerPaulSnelgrovesaysthatfindingnewspecies

inthedeepoceaniscommon.But,hesaid,findinganewgenus“isreally

great**.

Amonwarnsthatifmininghappensacrossthewholearea,the

ecosystemwouldbelargelydestroyed.But,shesays,wewillfindtheleast

damagingwaytomakeminingpossible.

“Thereisasortofscientificpushtotryandslowthingsdownabit

sothatthesciencecanbedonebeforeo.osoitcanbedonewiththeleast

influencepossible.。。“shesays.

"it'slikelywearegoingtodevelopatleastsomepartsofthesedeep

oceanenvironmentsanddoitinawaythat'sgoingtominimize(最小

化)ourinfluence,“saysPaul.

【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道.科学家在太平洋发现数量

惊人的新物种。

1.WhatdidscientiststrytofindoutintheCCZ?

A.Whetherthereislife.

B.Whethertherearevaluableminerals.

C.Whatsealifeexiststhere.

D.Whatmetalslieundertheseafloor.

解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists.。.studiedo..CCZ

tofindandstudynewseaspecies”可知,科学家探测CCZ是为了研

究这个区域的海洋生物。

答案:C

2.WhatisAmon'sattitudetowardsminingtheCCZ?

A.Careful.B.Doubtfulo

C.Unsupportive.D.Uninterestedo

解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“But,shesays,wewillfind

theleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible”可知,她对于CCZ这

个区域的开采持谨慎态度。

答案:A

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthetextreferto?

A.Mining.

B.Ascientificpush.

C.Findingtheleastdamagingway.

D.Developingtheoceanenvironments.

解析:词义猜测题。该段承接上一段中的"findtheleastdamaging

waytomakeminingpossible”来继续说明在开采前需要进行科学研

究,因此it在此指代mining。画线词后的"withtheleastinfluence

possible”与上一段中的"theleastdamagingway”相互呼应。

答案:A

B

SirJohnGurdon,aBritishscientist,whowontheNobelPrizein

PhysiologyorMedicinein2012,saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhis

frogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappen

within50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate"forthe

steptohumancloningoParentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybe

abletoclone“copies“toreplacethemthen.

Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplex

moralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheir

concernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.Cloningwasregarded

withextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidely

acceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst”test。tubebaby”.He

said,“Whenmyfirstfirogexperimentsweredone,anAmericanreporter

askedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedonein

mammalsorhumans。Isaid,'Well,itcouldbeanytimebetween10years

and100years-howabout50years?’Itturnedoutthatitwasn,tfar

offthemarkasfarasDollywasconcemed.Maybethesameansweris

appropriate.SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeans

makinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe

acopyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”.

Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoare

nolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherbyusingthemother'seggs

andskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeand

effective,is60percentinfavouroThereasonsfor"no"areusuallythat

thenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsfor

something.

【语篇解读】诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约

翰?格登爵士称,那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年

内借助克隆技术,让他们的子女得到“重生”。

4.Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?

A.LouiseBrownisthefirstatest-tubebaby”.

B.Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.

C.SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloningo

D.Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.

解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouise

Brown,thefirst'test。tubebaby,”可排除A项;根据文章尾段可知

赞成者占6成,故排除B项;根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知,他

对克隆人充满了希望,故排除C项;根据第二段的尾句可知,D项

表述不正确.

答案:D

5.Theunderlinedword“identical"probablymeans"”.

A.sameB.special

C.newD.clear

解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的"doctors

wouldthereforesimplybe'copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced*w

可知,A项正确。

答案:A

6.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn*sexperiments

B.humancloningisandwillbeonlyadream

C.fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefuture

D.humancloningmayberealizedsomeday

解析:推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知,虽然克隆人

类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题,但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术

变得有医学价值,人们很快就会消除他们的担心,故选Do

答案:D

C

DoyousupposeDarwin,oneo?thegreatestscientistsofalltime,

reallydidfoolishexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatwereso

simpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestion

orthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowanansweror

asolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportanto

CharlesDarwindidn,tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknew

somethingoAndhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimple

theyseemedtobe0

Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesi2e

andshapeoIfyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywill

fallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatight

litdeballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?You

havedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn't

beworthanythingo

Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.ltexplainspartofour

presentodayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagoby

GalileoandNewtonoAndtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeof

ancientGreekphysics0

Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothink

veryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkis

foolish,canshakethefoundationsofscienceo

【语篇解读】最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,我们要

留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

7.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin.

A.wasagreatEnglishscientist

B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult

C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant

D.didn'tgetonwellwithothers

解析:推理判断题。短文并没有说查尔斯?达尔文是哪个国家

的科学家,可排除A项;由第一、二段可知,别人认为达尔文的许

多实验太简单不值得做,可排除B项;文中没有论述达尔文与别人

相处的事情,可排除D项。由第三段中"hebelievedallthingscouldbe

importanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe,可推出答案为C。

答案:C

8.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside"mostprobablymeans

?ft*

A.throwawayB.storeup

C.puttouseD.realize

解析:词义猜测题。结合文意可知,作者认为做简单实验是重要

的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解,这些理解推翻了一

些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。

答案:A

9.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto.

A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethe

greatestscientistsintheworld

B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings

C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,will

fallatthesamespeed

D.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus

解析:主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能

动摇科学的根基,意在告诉我们要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常

简单。

答案:D

10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperimentso

B.Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperimentso

C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportant

thoughtheyseemedtobesimpleo

D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics。

解析:细节理解题。文章第一段第二句明确告诉我们,其他人认

为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验.

答案:B

第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选

项。选项中有两项为多余选项.

Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageof

dance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,and

everythingelseinbetween0

11.WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouth

andseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjustto

fillthetime.

“Iadoredancing,“saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudio

inIowa."lcan'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife0"Bridges

runsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderfulo12o

It*sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayof

meetingpeopleandhavingasociallife。"

13."lcantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,“saysBridges0

"They'relearningtodotraditionaldancesoTheyarriveattheclassinlow

spiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.l4o"

So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,

healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dancejikethepatternofabeatingheart,

islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbettero

15.Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive.”

A.Sowhydowedance?

B.DanceintheUSiseverywhere.

C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.

D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.

E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytiredo

F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.

G.Theystayedupalllongsinginganddancing.

【语篇解读】本文介绍了美国的一位舞蹈爱好者李斯特?布

里奇斯,他开办舞蹈班教其他人跳舞,自己也一直在跳舞的故事。

11.解析:根据空后的内容可知,该段重点说明在美国随时随

地都可以跳舞,所以B项“在美国到处都是舞蹈”适合作该段主旨

句.

答案:B

12.解析:根据空前的“Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."可

知,布里奇斯开办各个年龄段的舞蹈班;再结合后面一句"IPsgreat

towatchthemo可知,此处说明年龄较大的学生感觉通过跳舞变

得更年轻了。空后面的them和选项D中的olderstudents相对应,

故选D项。

答案:D

13.解析:这是一个过渡句.空后的内容主要说明跳舞带来的好

处,所以选A项。

答案:A

14.解析:根据空前一句"Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsand

theyleavewithasmileo”可知,参加舞蹈班学习似乎完全改变了他们

的心情。故选F项。

答案:F

15.解析:根据空后一句"lfindithardtostop!”可知,前一句应

该是说“即使我极为疲倦时也继续练习跳舞”,故E项符合语境。

答案:E

第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)

中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Asachild,Billwasuntidy.lthasbeensaidthatinorderto

16this,hismumdrewup17clothingplansforhimo

OnMondayshemightgotoschoolinblueo。.onThursdaysinblack,and

soon.Weekendmeal18mightalsobeplannedindetailo

PeoplearoundBill19thathewasexceptional.Oneofhis

firiendsrecalled,“Hewas20thekindofkidyoudidn*twant

21ourteam.WeallknewBillwas22thanusoEven

backthen,whenhewasnineortenyearsold,hetalkedlikea(n)

23andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofus

understood.

Billwasalsowell24hisclassmatesinmathematicsand

science.Heneededtogotoaschoolthat25him,Lakeside,an

all.boyschoolfor26students.

Lakesideallowedstudentstogoaftertheirown27,to

whateverextenttheywishedoTheschool28itselfonhelpingall

itsstudentstoreachtheir29potential.ltwastheideal

environmentforsomeonelikeBillGates.

DuringhistimeatLakeside,Billscoreda(n)30eight

hundredonamathematicstest.ltwasextremelyimportanttohimtoget

thisgrade-hehadtotakethe31morethanonceinorderto

doit.

Computertimewasexpensiveand,becauseBillwasanxioustoget

more32andalreadyhadanunderstanding33what

hecouldachieve34,hedecidedto35acompany:

TheLakesideProgrammersGroupo"Let'scalltherealworldandtryto

sellsomethingtoit!”Billannouncedo

【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文.比尔?盖茨在少年时期虽然

在生活上不修边幅,但却在其他方面远超同龄人。

16.A.balanceB.keep

C.watchD.continue

解析:根据上文的“Billwasuntidy”可知,比尔不修边幅,结合

下文的“hismumdrewup17clothingplansforhim”及下文

比尔学习成绩优异可知,为了平衡着装与学习,母亲为其制订了每

周的着装计划。balance"使均衡”.

答案:A

17.AocertainB.strict

C.weeklyD.timely

解析:根据下文的“OnMondayso..onThursdaysinblack,andso

on”可知,此处表示每周的着装计划。weekly"每周的"。

答案:C

18.A.dishesB.conferences

C.placesD.schedules

解析:根据语境可知,比尔周末的用餐时间也可能是详细计划

好的。schedule"时刻表

答案:D

19.AosawB.discussed

C.confusedD.recognized

解析:根据下文朋友的回想可知,比尔周围人的都意识到他是

杰出的。recognize"意识到"。

答案:D

20.A.everB.never

C.seldomD.always

解析:他绝不是那种在团队中无足轻重的孩子。never“从不,绝

不”.

答案:B

21.AoforB.on

C.amongD.against

解析:参见上题解析.故选B.

答案:B

22.AosmarterB.older

C.strongerD.braver

解析:根据上文的"hewasexceptional^和下文的"whenhewas

nineortenyearsold,hetalkedlikea(n)23andcouldexpresshimself

inwaysthatnoneofusunderstood可知,此处指的是比尔比其他人要

聪明。smart“聪明的”。

答案:A

23.A.chUdB.teacher

C.adultD.man

解析:根据下文的"andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneof

usunderstood”可知,比尔说起话来像个大人,他的朋友们不能理解。

adult"成年人"。

答案:C

24.A.backoffB.farfrom

C.aheadofD.morethan

解析:根据上文他比同龄人聪明可知,他在数学和科学上也领

先他的同学们.aheadof“领先”。

答案:C

25.AodefeatedB.challenged

C.entertainedD.monitored

解析:根据上文内容可知,比尔是个杰出的孩子,所以需要去

一所激发他能力的学校.challenge"考验(能力和技巧),激发”。

答案:B

26.AoexceptionalB.rich

C.ordinaryD.special

解析:根据第二段的第一句"PeoplearoundBill19thathe

wasexceptional^可知,这所学校招收杰出的男学生。exceptional“杰

出的”。

答案:A

27.A.friendsB.values

C.careersD.interests

解析:根据下文的"itwastheidealenvironmentforsomeonelike

BillGates”可知,这所学校让孩子们追求自己的兴趣.interest”兴

趣”。

答案:D

28.AolookedB.opened

C.pridedD.tricked

解析:根据语境可知,该学校以帮助孩子充分发挥他们的潜能为

骄傲。pride”以……为骄傲”。

答案:C

29.AodeepB.sacred

C.fullD.rich

解析:参见上题解析。full“充分的”。

答案:C

30.AJogicalB.tough

C.imaginaryD.perfect

解析:根据下文可知,800分应是很好的得分.perfect“极好的,

优秀的”。

答案:D

31.A.testB.lesson

C.taskD.measure

解析:根据上文可知,为了取得这样的成绩,比尔不得不参加不止

一次的测试.test“测试”o

答案:A

32.AotimeB.funds

C.helpD.grades

解析:根据上文的“Computertimewasexpensive”及下文所述他

开办公司的原因可知,本句是讲他迫切需要更多的上机时间。

答案:A

33.AotoB.of

C.fromD.behind

解析:根据下文的"hedecidedto35acompany”可知,他开办

公司的第二个原因是他领悟到他在经济上会有所收益。havean

understandingof"理解,领悟”。

答案:B

34.A.psychologicallyB.financially

C.wiselyD.universally

解析:参见上题解析。financially“经济上”。

答案:B

35.A.pickupB.takeup

C.sendupD.setup

解析:根据语境可知,此处指比尔决定开办公司。setup"开办

ft

O

答案:D

第二节(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容。个单词)或括号内单

词的正确形式。

DragonHeadsoraisingDay,36。fallseachyearonthe

seconddayofthesecondlunarmonth,isoneoftheChinesetraditional

festivalsastheproverbgoes:”Thedragonisawake,370(raise)

hishead."Onthisday,dragons,aprominenttotem(图腾)inChinese

culture,raise38。(they)headswiththesoundof

thunder.Aroundthistime,theearth39.(burst)withlife-grass

andtreesarebeginningtoshootup0InancientChina,people

40.(praRthedragongodbesideariveroralakeforthe

preciousspringraintobreedtheircrops。

41.(tradition),foodeatenonthisdaywasrenamedafter

partsofthedragonoForinstance,wontonswerecalled“dragons'

eyes,*.Thespecial42.(food)usuallyeatenonthisdayinclude

dragons*scales,popcornandpigs*headso

InShanxi,peoplegettheirhair43.(cut)inasymbolic

movetoremovetheoldandembracethenew.In44o

countrysideinHebeiProvince,peoplewouldfetchwaterfromawellat

dawn.ltwasbelieved45.onthisdaythewellwasfullofdragon

eggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsagoodharvest.

【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了中国的传统节日“龙抬头”.

36.解析:非限制性定语从句的先行词是DragonHeads.raising

Day,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which引导从句.

答案:which

37.解析:Thedragon和raise之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形

式作状语。

答案:raising

38.解析:修饰名词heads,故用形容词性物主代词。

答案:their

39.解析:根据aroundthistime"正在这时”可知,句子要用现

在进行时态,故用isburstingo

答案:isbursting

40.解析:根据InancientChina可知,句子用一般过去时态,也

可表示“过去总是...”,故用prayed或wouldpray.

答案:prayed/wouldpray

41.解析:修饰后面的句子,故用副词形式Traditionally。

答案:Traditionally

42.解析:根据语境可知,食物有许多,故food要用复数形式。

答案:foods

43.解析:getsthdone意为“请别人做某事”.hair和get之间是

被动关系,故用过去分词形式cut.

答案:cut

44.解析:表示“在农村;在乡下“要用inthecountryside.

答案:the

45.解析:分析句子成分可知,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后

面的句子。从句中不缺少成分,因此要用that。

答案:that

第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节应用文写作(满分15分)

假定你是李华,经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己

的国家。请给他写一封邮件,内容包括:

(1)表示感谢;

(2)回顾Alex对你的帮助;

(3)临别祝愿。

注意:

(1)词数80左右;

(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

答案:

DeatAlex,

I*velearnedthatyouareleavingforyourowncountrysoonoAtthis

momentIwanttoexpressmysincerethankstoyouforyouhelp.

You'vebeenhelpingmestudyEnglishandwithyourhelp,Iwon

thefirstprizeinanEnglishcontestandmyoralEnglishhasalso

improvedalot.Moreover,yourencouragementmadememoreconfident

aboutmyselEButforyourhelp,Icouldn'thavemadesomuch

progress.Wordscan'tdescribehowthankfulIam.

Wishyouapleasantjourneyhome.

Yours,

UHua

第二节概要写作(满分25分)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

ParentseverywherepraisetheirkidsoJennBerman,authorofTheAto

ZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConGdentKids,says,"We'vegonetothe

oppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemore

strictnBygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheir

childrensconfidence,when^nfactjtmaybejusttheopposite0Too

muchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat*sinsincere,

makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingable

tostayontopwheretheirparents*praisehasputthem.

Still,don*tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraise

canbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuchoKidswillfeellikethey'renot

goodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointin

tryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityof

praiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocused

ontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoes

somethingthatdeservesaverbalrewardo“Weshouldespeciallyrecognize

ourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachievea

gpal,“saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFeat".LettingGoof

WorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatterso“Onethingtoremember

isthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe's

outthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffort

regardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses0Praisingtheeffortandnot

theoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworked

hardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateverit

is,praiseshouldbegivenonacase.byocasebasisandbeproportionate(相

称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

答案:

Parentsbelievethatpraisingcanhelpbuildchildren'sconfidence

whiletoomuchpraisemayresultinoppositeeffects。(要点1)Kidsmay

feeldiscouragedwhennotgivenenoughpraise.(要点2)Accordingto

experts,itisthequalityofpraiseratherthanquantitythatmatters,and

parentsshouldfocusonefforts.(要3)Praiseoffersrecognition,but

parentsateexpectedtopraisekidsonareasonablebasisinaccordance

withkids'amountofefforts.(要点4)

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