kok电子竞技

非谓语2021/5/91非谓语：不作谓语，是改写从句的一种形式。

Hetoldusthatweshouldgotoschool.Hetoldustogotoschool. Thisisthestorythatistoldbyher.Thisisthestorytoldbyher. WhenIwasyoung,Ialsolikedgames.

Beingyoung,Ialsolikedgames. Hecamehomeandcried(并列句）. Hecamehome,crying.2021/5/92非谓语动词动名词v-ing分词现在分词v-ing过去分词p.p动词不定式todo2021/5/93主语宾语定语状语补语表语动名词不定式分词主动进行用现分被动完成用过分目的将来不定式用途性质用动名2021/5/941.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主语）（作宾语）（作表语）（作定语）动名词2021/5/95enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作宾语①2021/5/96adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意2021/5/97lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③2021/5/98likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo42021/5/99forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo52021/5/910needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone62021/5/911动词不定式1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）常用it作形式主语2021/5/912（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）5.Hehasnotimetoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.I’mcomingtoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.（作条件状语）2021/5/913句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的

）（是形容事物的性质的

）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.

Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.

(1)作主语

2021/5/914Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+谓语+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor.2021/5/9151.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择

want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose…(2)作宾语

(1)Theywanted___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?(2)Hesaidhewished_____(be)aprofessor.(3)Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.(4)Hehadpromised_____(give)meahand.2.见动名词用法2021/5/916wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder

warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作宾补

2021/5/917分词1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.

Weonlysellusedbooks.2.TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheheadmasterofourschool.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.3.Shewastoofrightenedtomove.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

2.作后置定语3.作表语1.作前置定语2021/5/918现分和过分作定语的区别：

boilingwater正在沸腾的水（表正在进行） boiledwater开水（表完成） developingcountries发展中国家 developedcountries发达国家 adisappointinglook一个令人失望的表情 adisappointedlook一个失望的表情注：修饰人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（复印资料）2021/5/919Isawhimcaughtbythepolice.Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作补语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Seenfromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.3.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.4.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作状语2021/5/920Hearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分词作状语：2021/5/921Givenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention2021/5/922Beingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry2021/5/923Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheywereSingingandlaughing2021/5/924Toservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell2021/5/925将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,2021/5/9262.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,2021/5/927Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime复印资料练习2021/5/928一般式完成式被动式动名词doinghavingdonebeingdone不定式todo(将做)tohavedone(将完成)tobedone(将被做)分词donedoing(正在)/havingdone()/beingdone(正在被做)非谓的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”2021/5/929Eg:1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.4.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.完成式：表示关收音机的动作先于后面的动作，并已经完成。2021/5/930不定式和分词作补语的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listento1感觉：feel2021/5/931seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“to”2021/5/932Eg:I

often

hear

him

singthis

song.Heisoftenheard________

thesong·

tosing2021/5/933make+sb./sth.do 让…做…done 让…被做+let+sb./sth.do 让…做…bedone让…被做+get+sb./sth.todo让…做…doing 让…做…done 让…被做+2021/5/934have+sb./sth.+do 让…做…doing 让…持续做…done 让…被做注意：1.havesth.done还表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.

2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.2021/5/9352.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withleavesb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled… +2021/5/936keepsb./sth.doing 让某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone 让某人/某物被…(表示被动且完成/表示状态)+Eg:Keeptheengine['end??n]running.

Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.2021/5/937findsb./sth.doing 发现某人/某物正在做...sb./sthdone 发现某人/某物已经…(表示完成/状态)sb./sth.(tobe) 发现某人/某物…+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.catchsb.doing撞见某人正在做...+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.2021/5/938withsb./sth.doing 表示主动且进行/表示特征sth.beingdone 表示被动且进行sth.done 表示被动且完成/表示状态

sth.todo 表示将来+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.2021/5/939用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。

1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.

A.went

B.going

C.togo

D.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlook

C.don'tlook

D.notlook

help(to)watertotakecrytocry2021/5/9401.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.

A.tolivein

B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?

A.tocutthefruitwith

B.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruit

D.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper

（写上）

4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen

（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语2021/5/941五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:

Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.

2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)

going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)

smoking.2021/5/942判断下列句子正误：TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.2021/5/9435.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.6.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.7.BrokenbyJim,Ican’tusethecup.2021/5/944将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3.Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.2021/5/9454.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.

5.Hearingherfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.

6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.2021/5/946Task:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,nothavingbeeninvitedistolettobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”2021/5/9475.Thedifficultmathsproblem________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore___________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）nothavingbeeninvitedisdifficulttoworkoutwithoutbeingseenistolet2021/5/9489.Themanwhowasondutythatday______________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书)12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）istoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”2021/5/94913.______________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.14.____________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.15._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.16._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneLookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone2021/5/950独立主格结构

一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。

独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.2021/5/9511．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.2021/5/952（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.2021/5/953（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.2021/5/9542．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

2021/5/955（2）with+名词/代词+介词

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名词/代词+副词

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.2021/5/9564）with+名词/代词+形容词

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.2021/5/957（6）with+名词/代词+-ed分词

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名词/代词+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.2021/5/9583.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。2021/5/959Thanksalot!2021/5/960不定式、动名词用作主语1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作2021/5/961A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，

可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：

(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.2021/5/962动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.2021/5/963小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth2021/5/964todo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作，通常

1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails（指甲）.

作表语2021/5/965（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;

Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.2021/5/9662。不定式作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）你这么说真是太好了（2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3）我们学好英语是必要的（4）你们学好英语语法并不难3.固定句型1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.It’sveryfoolishofhimtosaysuchthings3.ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell4.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnwellEnglishgrammar（1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.IttakesLiLeitwoandahalfhourstocompletehishomework.2.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishwritingyourcomposition?2021/5/967不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语

不定式作定语时，

通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式：退奘蔚拇视卸龉叵。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

2021/5/968不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语

不定式作定语时，

通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式：退奘蔚拇视卸龉叵。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

2021/5/9691).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome2021/5/9701.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.

A.

youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.

A.

tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost2021/5/971动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。

语态时态

主动语态

被动语态

一般时tomake

tobemade

进行时

tobemaking

完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade

完成进行时tohavebeenmaking2021/5/972WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.

如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。

Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.

I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．

Aftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.2021/5/973选出下面习题正确答案1-I’mhungry,andIwanttoeatthecake.-What!itisnotgood_______A.foreatingB.tobeeatenC.toeatD.ateating2It’simportant_____andhelpful.A.tokindB.bekindC.kindD.tobekind3.IttookAliceandmeanhour______outtheproblem.A.toworkB.workingC.workD.forworking.4.Ifounditveryimportant______Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned5.It’sverynice_____youto______meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tell2021/5/974怎样区分动名词和现在分词Myjobisteaching.换位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.≠ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表语作定语⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachine

＝amachineforwashing2021/5/975四.动名词的时态和语态完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidin’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对

象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidn’tmindbeingcalledahousewife2021/5/976找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.状语定语状语宾语(宾语)补语定语2021/5/977