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陶瓷英语教程课件——从彩陶文明到“珠山八友”之中国陶瓷艺术发展综述Chapter1PotteryAge
第一章陶器时代Pre-readingquestions:1.Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?2.Doyouknowthedevelopmentalhistoryofpottery?AceramicpotfoundintheFairyCaveRuinsofWannianCounty,JiangxiProvince.(Abouttenthousandyearsold.)江西万年仙人洞遗址陶罐(距今约一万多年)Apotterybasin,paintedwithDancersoftheMajiayaoculture.马家窑文化舞蹈纹彩陶盆Apotterybasin,paintedwithpeople’sfacesintheNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCulture.仰韶文化人面纹网纹彩陶盆KneelingPotteryFigurineofQinShihuangMausoleum秦始皇陵武士跪射陶俑
PaintedpotteryFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynasty汉代彩绘陶杂技俑Text:TheEvolutionofThePotteryChinaisthehomecountryofceramicsanditisalsooneofthefirstcountriesthatmadetheinventionofthepottery.中国是瓷器的母国,亦是最早发明陶器的国家之一。Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.陶器是指将制陶粘土,经水湿润后,塑造成一定的形状,干燥后,用火加热到一定的温度,使之烧结成为坚固的陶器。InChina,theearliestpotterywasfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouth,andisbelievedtobeabouttenthousandyearsold.我国最早的陶器发现于南方的一些山洞中,距今约一万年。
Potterygivesgreatconveniencetohumanlifeandconsolidatesthehumansettlement,whichenlargesthesignificanceofagriculturalproductiontotheprogressofhumansociety.NeolithicAgewasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery,inwhichvariouscolorfulanddistinctivepotterycivilizationsemergedbasedontheirdifferentlocalcharacteristics.
陶器方便和巩固了人类的定居生活,扩大了农业生产对人类社会进步的意义。新石器时代是我国陶器大发展时期,各地因地制宜,展现出异彩纷呈、各具特色的陶器文明。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindofthemostartisticcharm.Thiskindofpotteryisbakedbetween900-1000degreesCelsiusandwaspaintedinblackandred,whichpresentsabeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.彩陶艺术是其中最具艺术魅力的种类,它是在陶器未烧之前以黑色、红色颜料进行绘制,以900-1000摄氏度高温烧成,呈现出美观夺目的花纹。FromtheprimitivesocietyuntiltheQinandHandynasties,potterywasprosperingwithgreatsuccess,PiecessuchastheTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumareknownasoneofthewondersoftheworld.Duetoitsspectacularsceneandvividintegrationofbodyandspirit,theTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumrepresentthehighestlevelofpotterymaking.从原始社会直到秦汉时期,都是陶器大放异彩的时代,如秦始皇陵兵马俑,被誉为世界一大奇迹,场面壮观、形神兼备,达到了陶塑制作的最高水平。However,thepotteryfigurinesoftheHanDynastydisplaythejoyinordinarylife,whichhavelivelygestures,realisticexpressionsandclearseculartendency.汉代的陶俑则另具一番生活情趣,形态生动、栩栩如生,世俗化倾向明显。Ceramics陶瓷Pottery陶器Clay制陶粘土Claypot陶罐Paintedpottery彩陶Abasinofpaintedpottery彩陶盆Potteryfigurine陶俑
KeyTermsandsentencesKeyTermsandsentencesCanyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?你能告诉我一些关于陶器的历史吗?Itcandatebacktotenthousandyearsago.它可以追溯到一万年前。Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.一旦湿了,它可以被加工成一定的形状。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.彩陶是在历史上是最具艺术魅力的。Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.随着时间的推移,每个朝代都有自己的陶器特征。ScenedialogueAttheJingdezhenairport,aforeignstudentencounteredaChineseteacherwhotaughtporcelainhistory.Hewantedtolearnsomethingaboutpottery.S:aforeignstudentT:theteacherS:Hello!IamastudentfromOxfordUniversity.MynameisBrian.Nicetomeetyou!T:Hello!Gladtomeetyou.IamateacherfromJingdezhengUniversity.MynameisXupeng.S:whatkindofsubjectdoyouteach?T:Iteachporcelainhistory.S:Woo!Iamveryinterestedinporcelain.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?T:Actuallypotteryhasaverylonghistory.Itcanbedatedbacktotenthousandyearsago.S:AsfarasIknow,theearliestpotteryisfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouthofChina.Wasitveryeasyfortheancientpeopletomakepottery?T:No,Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.S:Sowhenwasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery?T:ItwasintheNeolithicAge.TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.S:Well,Ilearntalotfromyouaboutpotterytoday.WhenIgobacktoBritain,Icouldshareitwithmyclassmates.Thankyouverymuch!Nowitistimeformetoboardmyplane.Goodbye!T:bye-bye!SupplementaryReadingChina,asoneoftheworld'smostancientcivilizations,hasmadeamultipleofcontributionsfortheadvancementandimprovementofhumansocieties.ItisfairtosaythatceramicshistoryisaveryimportantpartofChina'shistory.Theword"china"clearlyshowsthatthecountryisthe"homeofpottery(陶器)andporcelain(瓷器)."Collision
of
water,
clay
and
fire
gave
rise
toacolorful
pottery
and
porcelainculture.Pottery
is
a
treasure
of
humankind.
China
won
its
name
as
"Country
of
Porcelain".
As
early
as
theNeolithic
Age,
Chinese
people
had
already
got
to
know
how
to
make
and
use
pottery.1.TheexistenceofpotterywasahallmarkoftheNeolithicAge(新石器时代)inprimitivesociety.2、Morethan10,000yearsago
:Potteryshards(陶瓷碎片)werediscoveredinJiangxiProvince.3、7,000yearsago:ThesiteoftheHemuduCultureinZhejiangProvincecouldmadeGreypottery,redpottery.4、TheShangandZhoudynasties(16thcentury-221BC):Aclear-cutdivisionoflaborhadalreadyappeared.5、TheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC):Flowersandbirdswerecarvedonthepottery.6、TheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-24AD):Theartofglazing(上釉)potterybecamewidespread.7、TheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD):Multi-colored(综合彩)glazewasalsointroduced.8、TheSuiDynasty(581-618):Greatervarietyandcolor.9、TheTangDynasty(618-907):Morecolorwasappliedtothem,theinventionofpotterswhointroducedwhite,yellow,blue,green,brown,purpleandsoon.Exercises:1,Matchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptions.ThepotterypotfromFairyCaveRuinsinWannianCountyofJiangxiProvinceKneelingpotteryfigurineofQinShihuangMausoleumThePaintedPotterFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynastyThePaintedPotteryBasinwithPeople’sFacesinNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCultureThePaintedPotteryBasinwithDancersofMajiayaoCulture2.roleplay:ImaginethatoneofyourfriendsinviteyoutovisittheCeramicsMuseumwithhim.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinpottery-making.WithapartnermakeadialoguetotalkabouttheprocessofmakingpotteryThefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:﹒complicatedprocess;mixupwithsomewater;shapedintoacertainform;﹒heattoacertaintemperaturebyfire;getdried;sinterintothesolidpottery;﹒thekindwiththemostartisticcharm;paintinblackandred;﹒burnunder900-1000degreesCelsiustemperature;﹒abeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.
Ex.1P5把KeyTermsandSentences部分默写一遍,中文英文都要抄。Ex.2P
4课文的第一段翻译为汉语,英文不用抄写。Ex.3P1Pre-readingQuestions仅做题1,即:1.Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?Chapter2CeladonAge
第二章青瓷时代Pre-readingquestions:1,Doyouknowwhenporcelainappeared?Andthedifferencesbetweenpotteryandporcelain?2,Haveyoueverheardofceladon?PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)
商代原始瓷尊CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)
东汉青瓷四系罐CeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)
南朝青瓷莲花尊EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop东晋越窑青釉龟形砚滴Text:
Porcelain--AnImportantChineseInvention
Porcelainevolvesoutofpottery.IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainappeared.Asaproductofthe“potterytoporcelain”transitionperiod,primitiveporcelainpossessesmoreintensebody,morebeautifulexterior,aboveall,washableanddurablefeatures.瓷器由陶器发展而来。商代时,原始瓷器即已问世。作为从陶器向瓷器转变阶段的产物,原始瓷有很多特点:坯体更紧密、外观更漂亮、可水洗、更耐用。Duetoimmaturetechniques,itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.由于技术不成熟,这时的瓷器被称为“原始青瓷”。当时,这种瓷器在很多方面都不完善,其外形基本源于当时的陶器和青铜器。IntheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),primitiveceladonlastingfornearlyathousandyearsfinallyexitedthestageofhistory.Intoday’sShangyuregion,ZhejiangProvince,theporcelain-makingcraftsteppedoveritsprimitivestate.Theceladonpresentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors.至东汉时期,存在了一千多年的原始青瓷终于退出了历史舞台。在今天的浙江省上虞地区,瓷器制作工艺已经跨出了其原始状态,青瓷呈现出浅蓝黄色,蓝绿色和其他不同的颜色。
Withthefiringtemperaturesofmorethan2,372F(1,300℃),thesinteringporcelainbodybecomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Andtheglaze’ssaggingphenomenonwasalsowellcontrolled.Matureporcelainappeared.因为经过2372华氏度(即1300摄氏度)的高温烧制,烧结的瓷体变得紧密、坚固,并透着釉的光泽。而且釉的下沉现象也得到很好的控制。成熟的瓷器出现了。AftertheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),Chinaentereda400-year’sseparatedunrest---theWei(220-265),theJin(265-420)andtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420-589).Duringthisperiod,thehandicraftindustryinnorthChinawasdevastatedbywarfare,whereasinsouthChina,withrelativelystablesocialcondition,theporcelainindustrywaslargelydeveloped.东汉结束后,中国进入了长达400年的分裂动荡时期,即魏晋南北朝时期。这一时期,由于长期的战争,北方的手工业受到了破坏。而在相对稳定的南方,陶瓷业得到了很大的发展。Despitetheemergenceofblackporcelainandwhiteporcelain,celadonwasstillinadominantposition.Imagesofanimalsappearedinsouthernceladon,makingtheporcelainwarefulloffunandjoy.虽然黑瓷、白瓷开始出现,青瓷仍然占据主导地位。动物形象出现在南方的青瓷器上,使得瓷器充满生机和乐趣。AndYueKilnwastherepresentativekilnatthattime.Duetotheexquisiteporcelainbody,thebeautyofglaze,itbecamethemodelofotherkilns.越窑是当时最具代表性的窑口,其胎之精、釉之美,成为当时众多青瓷窑口竞相模仿的楷模。celadon[‘sel?d?n]n.
青瓷;灰绿色,浅绿色porcelain[‘p??s?l?n]n.
瓷器;陶瓷evolve[?‘v?lv]v.
发展,进展;进化;逐步形成
transition[tr?n‘z???n]n.
过渡;转变;转换possess
[p?‘zes]vt.拥有,具备,掌握
e.g.Hedecidedtogiveawayeverythinghepossessed.
他决定放弃他所有的一切。exterior
[?k'st??r??]adj.外部的;表面的;外在的
n.外部;表面;外型;外貌
e.g.Inoneadtheviewerscarcelyseesthecar's
exterior.
在一则广告中,观众几乎看不到汽车的外观。KeyTermsandsentences:immature[,?m?‘tj??]adj.不成熟的;未成熟的;粗糙的inherit
[?n'her?t]vt.继承;遗传而得
e.g.Sheinheritshermother'slooks.
她继承了她母亲的相貌。contemporary[k?n'temp?r?r?]
adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的
e.g.Marlowewas
contemporary
withShakespeare.
马洛与莎士比亚是同时代的。
Hehaddevotedhiswholelifetothestudyofcontemporaryart.
他把他的一生都献给了当代艺术研究。bronze[br?nz]n.青铜;古铜色;青铜制品
adj.青铜色的;青铜制的craft[krɑ?ft]n.工艺;手艺;行业bluish
['blu???]adj.带蓝色的;有点蓝的
bluishyellow蓝黄色turquoise[‘t??kw??z]n.绿松石;蓝绿色adj.蓝绿色的translucent[tr?ns‘lu?s?nt]adj.
透明的;半透明的glazen.釉vt.上釉于
sag
vi.
下垂;下降;下沉handicraft
['h?nd?krɑ?ft]n.手工艺;手工艺品devastate[‘dev?ste?t]vt.毁灭;毁坏,破坏
e.g.Thehurricanedevastatedalargesectionofthecoast.
飓风毁坏了沿海地区的大部分。warfare[‘w??fe?]n.战争;冲突stable
['ste?bl]adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的emergence[?'m??d??ns]
n.出现,浮现;发生;露头kiln[k?ln]n.(砖,石灰等的)窑;炉;干燥炉representative[repr?'zent?t?v]
adj.典型的,有代表性的;代议制的
n.代表;典型;众议员exquisite
[?k'skw?z?t]adj.精致的;细腻的;优美的,高雅的pottery['p?t?ri]n.陶器;陶器厂[作坊]porcelain['p?:s?lin]n.瓷,瓷器primitiveporcelain原始瓷immature[im?'tj??(r)]adj.不成熟的;未完成的;粗糙的technique[tek'ni:k]n.技巧,技术,手段;技能;手法celadon['sel?d?n]n.灰绿色,青瓷色,青瓷primitiveceladon原始青瓷inherit[in'herit]vt.&vi.继承contemporary[k?n'tempr?ri]adj.当代的,现代的;
同时代的,同属一个时期的turquoise[t?:kw?iz]adj.蓝绿色的KeyTermsandsentences:sintering['sint?ri?]v.烧结;
烧成sag[s?ɡ]vi.下垂;消沉;下跌;translucent[tr?ns'lu:snt]adj.半透明的;
透亮的,有光泽的handicraft['h?ndikrɑ:ft]n.手工艺;手工艺品devastate['dev?steit]vt.破坏;
毁灭blackporcelain黑瓷whiteporcelain白瓷kiln[kiln]n.窑;炉YueKiln越窑emergence[i'm?:d??ns]n.出现,发生;
暴露1.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.烧成后胎骨细腻坚硬,不再渗水。同时胎色变得更浅,呈现出灰白色和淡黄色。2.Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc原始瓷虽然在工艺上存在许多不足,如胎壁厚薄不均,质地比较粗糙,胎体的透光性比较差,釉层很薄且施釉不匀等。3.AsasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.但作为中国陶瓷初始阶段的标志,它的出现意义深远,开创了瓷器大发展的先河。KeyTermsandsentences:SceneDialogueexhibition[eks?'b???n]n.展览,显示;展览会pamphlet['p?mfl?t]n.小册子jar[d?ɑ?]n.罐;广口瓶rough[r?f]adj.粗糙的;粗略的;艰苦的;未经加工的waterproof['w??t?pru?f]adj.防水的,不透水的deficiency[d?'f???ns?]n.缺陷,缺点;缺乏texture['tekst??]n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质transmission[tr?ns'm???n]n.传递;传送;传动装置initial[?‘n???l]adj.最初的;字首的far-reachingadj.意义深远的;影响深远的;precedent[‘pres?d?nt]n.先例;前例flourish[‘fl?r??]n.兴旺;茂盛;繁荣Scene:M=MaryK=KimMary:Hi,Kim,ThisisJingdezhenMuseumofPorcelain.Kim:Great.Mary:Wecanseesomeancientporcelainhere.Kim:Oh,Hurryup!Whereshouldwegofirst?Mary:Thisway,theexhibitionhall.Ithinkwe'dbettergetapamphletofthemuseum.Kim:What’sthis?Itlookslikeajar.Ifeelitisrough.Mary:Itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.Kim:Yeah,itisprimitiveporcelain.Mary:That’sright.Primitiveporcelain,alsoknownas“primitiveceladon”,appliedKaolinclayastherawmaterialofitsbody.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.Kim:Wow.Mary:Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc,asasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.Kim:Igotit.It’sverykindofyou.SupplementaryReadingPorcelain-firingCraftsThelastingflourishofthefiringandmakingofporcelainsinChinawerecloselyinvolvedwiththepreciseandaccuratedivisionoflaborandtheconstantinnovationsofthetechniquesofporcelain-making.CollectingMaterials1.Potterystones(feldspar)andKaolinclayaretheessentialmaterialsforformingbodyandcompoundingglaze.Thepotterystonewithalowcontentofpotassiumoxideandsodiumoxideareusedtoformporcelainbodyandthosewithahighcontentareusedtocompoundglaze.Collectingmaterialsisthefirststepofporcelain-making.Thepotterystoneandkaolinclayshouldbemanuallystruckintofragmentsandthengroundtofinepowderwithwater-poweredstamper.
RefiningSlurry2.ThepotterystonesandKaolinclaygroundbythewater-poweredstampershouldundergotheproceduresofwashing,precipitationandde-slagging,sothattheformingqualityofthebodieswouldbeincreased.Andglazeashshouldbeaddedtotheglazeslipformakingglaze.Thefilteredslurryispouredintoslurryboxforprecipitationandthenmadeintoclods,whicharecalled“Dunzi”.3Wheel-throwingPuttheclogsonthewheelcarts,shapethemwithhandduringhighspeedrevolutionandmakethebaseintothemoldstyle.Wheel-throwingisthetraditionalmethodforproducingpotteryandporcelain.Theroundwareslikebowlsandplateswithsimpleshapesareallformedinthisway.4StampingAftertheporcelainbaseisformed,putitonthemoldforpattingandpressingandmakethethicknessofthemudbaseeven,andthentakeitoffthemoldandplaceitintheshadetodry.5TrimmingTrimmingisalsocalledlipi(basesharpening).Theporcelainbase,whosesizeisspecified,shouldbetrimmedwithspecificknife,sothattheporcelainbasewouldbesmoothandevenbothinsideandoutsideandtheshapeoftheporcelaincouldbedetermined.6PaintingLikepolychromeglazedporcelainssuchasBlue-and-White(Qinghua)andUnderglazed-Red,afterthebase-making,thebodyshouldbepaintedwithvariousdecorativepatterns.7GlazingGlazingreferstoapplyingglazesliptothesurfaceoftheshapedporcelainbody.Itisacriticalprocessbeforethewareisfiredinthekiln.8KilnFillingTheprocedureofputtingthesagerloadedwithporcelainbodiestothekilnforfiringiscalled“kilnfilling”.Sincethetemperaturevariesindifferentpartsofthekiln,undertheconditionofstableandunimpededfire,theporcelainbodiesshouldbeplacedatdifferentplacesofthekilnbasedontheirdifferentfiringtemperatures.Andthensealtheentranceofthekilnwithbricks,leavingonlyoneopeningforthrowingfirewoodandthenlightthefire.9Over-glazedDecoratingOver-glazeddecoratingreferstoconductingcoloredpaintingsonthefiredporcelain,andthenputtingitinthekilnforthesecondtimetosolidifythecolorpigmentwithlowtemperature.TheBlue-and-White(Qinghua)porcelainwithcoloreddecorations,Five-Colors(Wucai)porcelain,Enamel-Color(Falangcai)andothercoloredpaintedporcelainsareallmadeinthisway.10FurnaceBakingTheover-glazedporcelain,afterbeingpainted,shouldbeputintoasmallanderectcylindricalfurnaceandbakedwithlowtemperatureof1,472F(800℃)tosolidifythecolors.Exercises:
1.MatchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptionsCeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)
EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop2MakingadialogueSupposethatoneofyourfriendscallsonyouinyourhometown,Jingdezhen.Youshowhim/heraroundtheCeramicsMuseum.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinit.Youtwomakeadialogueaboutceladon.Thefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainwascalled“primitiveceladon”.IntheEasernHanDynasty,maturedceladon,presentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors,becomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Byandlarge,itwasstillatatransitionalstagefrompotterytoporcelainEx.4P14把KeyTermsandSentences部分的单词部分默写一遍,中文英文都要抄。Ex.5P
13课文的第一段翻译为汉语,英文不用抄写。
Chapter3PorcelainintheTangDynasty
Pre-readingquestions:1.Doyouknowceladonsouthandwhitenorth?DoyouknowSouthYueandNorthXing?2.Haveyoueverheardof‘Sancai’?
celadonsouthandwhitenorth南青北白SouthYueandNorthXing南方越窑和北方邢窑XingKilnEwer(theTangDynasty)唐代邢窑皮囊壶ewer
[?ju?]大口水壶,水罐ChangshaKilnBrownish-GreenColorJar(theTangDynasty)唐代长沙窑褐绿彩罐brownish呈褐色的brownish-green褐绿色bluish接近蓝色的bluish-yellow蓝黄色Tricolor-glazedCamelCarryingMusicians唐三彩骆驼载乐俑tri-:three.(表示“三”)Tri-color三彩triangle三角形tricycle三轮脚踏车triple三倍的tripod三脚架
Tricolor-glazedPeacockCup唐三彩孔雀杯唐三彩,汉族古代陶瓷烧制工艺的珍品,全名唐代三彩釉陶器,是盛行于唐代的一种低温釉陶器,釉彩有黄、绿、白、褐、蓝、黑等色,而以黄、绿、白三色为主,所以人们习惯称之为"唐三彩"。因唐三彩最早、最多出土于洛阳,亦有"洛阳唐三彩"之称。1905年陇海铁路洛阳段修筑期间,在古都洛阳北邙山发现一批唐代墓葬,后来人们习惯地把这类陶器称为"唐三彩",并且沿用至今,享誉中外。Text:
TheDevelopment--PotteryandPorcelainoftheTangDynasties
Socialprosperity
promotedthedevelopmentofporcelain-making.XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,formingaCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.
发展----唐代的陶器和瓷器社会的繁荣促进了陶瓷制作的发展。北方邢窑和南方越窑同时存在,形成了南青北白的格局。prosperity
[pr?'sper?t?]n.繁荣,成功
e.g.
The
city
tookon
an
air
of
prosperity.
这个城市呈现出繁荣的景象。promote[pr?'m??t]vt.促进;提升;推销;发扬
e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.
他工作努力,很快就获得提升。simultaneously
[?s?m?l‘te?n??sl?]
adv.同时地XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,forming
aCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.KeyTermsandsentences……,forming……,此处是独立主格结构(AbsolutePhrase)做伴随状语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,主要用于描绘性文字中,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。例如:表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利,他或许能成功。表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车,我们只好步行。表伴随状况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。表示补充说明Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。YueKilnceladonglazepresentedajade-liketexture,withabluishgreenandyellow-shiningcolor,praisedas“thearistocratinporcelainwares”.Itenjoyedareputationforceladonandblackglazedporcelainproduction.Whilekilnsinthenorth,withtheXingKilnasarepresentative,becameknownfortheirwhiteporcelain.越窑青瓷呈现温润如玉的釉质,青绿略带闪黄的色彩,并被誉为“瓷中贵族”。它因为出产青瓷和黑瓷而享誉盛名。而北方窑口以邢窑为代表,因为白瓷而出名。jade
[d?ed]n.碧玉,翡翠;翡翠色;劣马,驽马adj.玉制的;翡翠色的;绿玉色的v.(使)疲;(使)疲惫不堪jade-likeadj.像玉一样的,如玉的texture[?t?kst??]n.质地;结构;本质v.使具有某种结构jade-liketexture玉石般的质感aristocrat['?r?st?kr?t]n.贵族reputation[repj?‘te???n]n.名声,名誉;声望become/beknownfor因/以……而闻名
KeyTermsandsentencesThetwotypesofproductsfeatureddistinct
regionalflavor,attainedahighdegreeoftechnicalperfection,andrepresentedthecountry’shighestlevelofporcelainmakingthen.这两种瓷制品带有具有鲜明的地域特色,达到了很高的技术完善度,并代表着当时我国的最高制瓷水平。distinct[d?'st??kt]adj.明显的;清楚的;有区别的regional[‘ri?d??nl]adj.地区的;局部的;区域性的flavor
['fle?v?]n.情味,风味;滋味attain[?'te?n]vt.达到,实现;获得;到达
e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[p?'fek?(?)n]n.完善;完美KeyTermsandsentencesChangshaKilnshowedthenewwayofcolorporcelainandisuniqueinporcelaindecoration.AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.长沙窑昭示了瓷器彩绘发展的新方向并在陶瓷装饰领域独树一帜。长沙窑虽为普通民窑,却在彩绘装饰方面成就卓越,其地位日益受到重视。unique
[ju?'ni?k]adj.独特的,唯一的,独一无二的decoration[dek?‘re???n]n.装饰,装潢;装饰品
*
decorate
vt.装饰;布置
folk[f??k]n.民族;人们;[口语]大伙们,各位
adj.民间的;民俗的;平民百姓的;起源于民间的splendid['splend?d]adj.辉煌的;极好的;杰出的achievement[?‘t?i?vm?nt]n.成就;成绩;完成although引导的让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为"尽管……"或"即使……",就是我们日常生活中用的"退一步说…"的感觉。Though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet,still或never,theless连用,但不能与but连用。
例如:Although/Thoughheisveryold,heisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.What’smore,newvarietiessuchastri-colorglazedpotteryappeared.Knownas“sancai”inChinese,itisatypeofceramicsoftheTangDynasty,(618-907AD)usingthreeintermingledcolorsfordecoration.此外,像三彩陶器这样的新种类出现了。这种陶器在中国被称为“三彩”,是唐朝时期用三种颜色来装饰的一种陶瓷。what‘more的用法what'more表示递进,表示“然而/还有...的”意思,独立使用,more后面不加词和句。what'smore后面加逗号,既可以放句首,也可以放句中
放句首时,What'smore,……(然而怎样怎样)
放句中,……,what'smore,……(……,还有/然而,……)
例如::What'smore,heonlyknewhowtospellapple!
What'smore可以翻译成况且、更进一步来说、另外、更加苦逼/霸气的是。Idon'tknowhowtocook,what'smore,Idon'tenjoythefoodintherestaurant.tri-colorglazedpottery
三彩陶器*
tri-[trai]pref.三;三倍
e.g.triangle
三角形tricycle
三轮脚踏车intermingle
[?nt?‘m??g?l]vt.使混合;使搀和Leadoxideistheprincipalfluxintheglaze,andapolychromeeffectisobtainedbyusingcoloring
agentslikecopper(whichturnsgreen),iron(whichturnsyellowish-brown)andcobalt(whichturnsblue),thenfiringatabout800℃.
其釉以氧化铅为主要助熔剂,其彩饰效果是通过使用铜(会变成绿色)、铁(会变成黄褐色)和钴(会变成蓝色)等釉料着色剂在800摄氏度的低温下烧制而成。leadoxide['?ksa?d]氧化铅;一氧化铅
principal
['pr?ns?p?l]adj.主要的;n.首长;校长flux[fl?ks]vt.使熔解;vi.熔化;流出
n.助焊剂,助熔剂polychrome['p?l?kr??m]adj.多彩的;多色装饰的obtain[?b‘te?n]vt.获得;得到
e.g.Youcanalsoobtainknowledgethroughpractice.
你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。coloringagent
着色剂;染料copper[‘k?p?]n.铜
cobalt[‘k??b??lt]n.[化学]钴;钴类颜料800℃:800degreesCelsius['sels??s]Sancaiwaresaremostlyfuneralobjects,reflectingthecommonpracticeofburyinginalavishwayatthattime.三彩制品大多作为冥器,用于随葬,反映了当时厚葬之风盛行。funeral['fju?n?r?l]n.葬礼;adj.丧葬的,出殡的reflect[r?'flekt]vt.反映;反射,照出;显示;反省
vi.反射,映现;深思lavish[‘l?v??]adj.浪费的;挥霍的;丰富的;大方的prosperity
[pr?'sper?t?]n.繁荣,成功
e.g.
The
city
tookon
an
air
of
prosperity.
这个城市呈现出繁荣的景象。promote[pr?'m??t]vt.促进;提升;推销;发扬
e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.
他工作努力,很快就获得提升。simultaneously
[?s?m?l'te?n??sl?]
adv.同时地aristocrat['?r?st?kr?t]n.贵族reputation[repj?'te???n]n.名声,名誉;声望distinct[d?'st??kt]adj.明显的;清楚的;有区别的regional[‘ri?d??nl]adj.地区的;局部的;区域性的KeyTermsandsentencesflavor
['fle?v?]n.情味,风味;滋味attain[?'te?n]vt.达到,实现;获得;到达
e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[p?'fek?(?)n]n.完善;完美unique
[ju?'ni?k]adj.独特的,唯一的,独一无二的decoration[dek?‘re???n]n.装饰,装潢;装饰品
*
decorate
vt.装饰;布置
folk[f??k]n.民族;人们;[口语]大伙们,各位
adj.民间的;民俗的;平民百姓的;起源于民间的splendid['splend?d]adj.辉煌的;极好的;杰出的achievement[?‘t?i?vm?nt]n.成就;成绩;完成tri-colorglazedpottery
三彩陶器*
tri-[trai]pref.三;三倍
e.g.triangle
三角形tricycle
三轮脚踏车intermingle
[?nt?‘m??g?l]vt.使混合;使搀和leadoxide['?ksa?d]氧化铅;一氧化铅
principal
['pr?ns?p?l]adj.主要的;n.首长;校长flux[fl?ks]vt.使熔解;vi.熔化;流出
n.助焊剂,助熔剂polychrome['p?l?kr??m]adj.多彩的;多色装饰的obtain[?b‘te?n]vt.获得;得到
e.g.Youcanalsoobtainknowledgethroughpractice.
你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。coloringagent
着色剂;染料copper[‘k?p?]n.铜
cobalt[‘k??b??lt]n.[化学]钴;钴类颜料funeral['fju?n?r?l]n.葬礼;adj.丧葬的,出殡的reflect[r?'flekt]vt.反映;反射,照出;显示;反省
vi.反射,映现;深思lavish[‘l?v??]adj.浪费的;挥霍的;丰富的;大方的800degreesCelsius['sels??s]
Xingkiln邢窑Yuekiln越窑celadonsouthandwhitenorth南青北白southYueandnorthXing南越北邢Changshakiln长沙窑porcelaindecoration瓷器彩绘folkkiln民窑tri-colorglazedpottery三彩陶器sancai唐三彩KeyTermsandsentencesintermingle[int?'mi?ɡl]vt.&vi.(使)混合,混在一起decoration[dek?rei?n]n.装饰,装潢;装饰品leadoxide氧化铅flux[fl?ks]n.熔化;
熔解;
流出quartz[kw?:ts]n.[矿]石英intheproportionof按…的比例polychrome['p?l?kr??m]adj.彩饰的manganese['m??ɡ?ni:z]n.[化]锰cobalt['k??b?:lt]n.[化]钴(符号为Co);钴类颜料1)Thebodyofsancaiceramicswasmadeofwhiteclay,coatedwithalayerofglaze,andfiredatatemperatureof800degreesCelsius.Sancaiisatypeoflead-glazedpottery:leadoxidewastheprincipalfluxintheglaze,oftenmixedwithquartzintheproportionof3:1.唐三彩胎体是用白色的粘土制成,在窑内经过1000-1100℃的素烧,将焙烧过的素胎经过冷却,再施以配制好的各种釉料入窑釉烧,其烧成温度为800℃左右。唐三彩是一种铅釉陶:氧化铅熔化在铅里,常与石英以3:1的比例配制。KeyTermsandsentences2)Thepolychromeeffectwasobtainedbyusingascoloringagentscopper(whichturnsgreen),iron(whichturnsbrownishyellow),andlessoftenmanganeseandcobalt(whichturnsblue).用含有铜(釉为绿色)、铁(赭黄色)、锰(紫色)、钴(蓝色)、锑(浅黄)等作釉料着色剂,并加入铅、铝作助熔剂达到彩饰的效果。3)SancaitravelledalongtheSilkRoad,tobelaterextensivelyusedinSyrian,Cypriot,andthenItalianpotteryfromthe13thtothemiddleofthe15thcentury.唐三彩沿着丝绸之路享誉世界,后来在13世纪到15世纪中叶被叙利亚、塞浦路斯、意大利广泛使用。SceneDialoguechannel
['t??n?l]n.通道;频道;海峡quartz[kw??ts]n.石英
proportion[pr?'p????n]n.n.比例;部分manganese['m??g?ni?z]n.[化学]锰burial[‘ber??l]n.埋葬;葬礼;adj.埋葬的representation[,repr?zen‘te??(?)n]n.代表;表现;表现形式(图画,雕像,戏剧)camel['k?m?l]n.骆驼
extensively[[ik'stensivli]]adv.广阔地;广大地Syrian['si:ri?n]adj.叙利亚的;叙利亚人的;叙利亚语的
n.叙利亚人;叙利亚语Cypriot[‘sipri?t]
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